We employ Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate the new technical, new cost, and new profit efficiency of Indian banks over the period 2008–2018. Then, we use Random Forest Regression to examine the impact of corporate governance (Board Size, Board Independence, Duality, Gender Diversity, and Board Meetings), bank characteristics (Return on Assets, Size, and Equity to Total Assets), and other characteristics (Ownership and Years) on bank efficiency. Among others, we found that board characteristics play a significant role particularly in new profit efficiency; therefore, policymakers and regulators should consider Board Size, Board Independence, Board Meetings, and Duality while framing guidelines for enhancing bank new profit efficiency. We also found that Board Independence plays a vital role in bank new cost efficiency, while Gender Diversity contributes to both new technical and new cost efficiency. This study makes methodological contributions by employing Machine Learning based Random Forest Regression in tandem with Data Envelopment Analysis under a two-phase model to examine corporate governance and bank efficiency, which is a pioneering attempt. © Operational Research Society 2021.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, it proposes a definition of Muslim entrepreneurship and second, it synthesizes existing literature on Muslim entrepreneurship published in the past decade. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review technique has been used to identify and analyse the literature for a period between 2009 and 2019. Findings: Results of the study suggest that there is a dearth of literature conceptualizing and operationalizing the concept of Muslim entrepreneurship in the management literature. Further, studies examining the factors which affect Muslim entrepreneurship practices are limited. Research limitations/implications: The study has analysed only peer-reviewed articles from management literature. Originality/value: A synthesis of the literature on Islamic entrepreneurship is missing. Also, literature proposing a comprehensive definition of the concept and summarizing the factors which affect Muslim entrepreneurship practices are absent. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

About 70% of India’s current energy mix comprises of coal, and the increase in generation from renewable (RE) sources is affecting the health of the power system. We investigated this effect through the lens of asset utilisation, cost and the social disruption caused by accelerating RE into the Indian Power System. Our review-driven analysis revealed that increasing RE generation is pushing the coal plants to operate in low-loading conditions, causing heightened wear and tear of the plant as they are not suitable for flexible operation. The novel analysis of social disruption due to market parity between RE and coal-based generation presented a holistic view of the political economy of Indian Power System. We found that transition from coal to RE may have extended socio-political ramifications that can potentially disrupt the national economy at an unprecedented scale. Policy implications outlined by our study for the draft Electricity (Amendment) Bill 2020 include scoping a socio-technical framework which supports just energy transition through better financial support mechanisms for flexible operation of coal plants. Focusing on clean-up over shut-down of coal plants and facilitating investments in battery storage technologies and cross-border electricity trade as RE and conventional fuel reach market parity. © The Author(s) 2021.

Purpose: The current work explores the attributes that serve as motivation regulations for students' selection of a higher education institute (HEI). Design/methodology/approach: With a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, the current study used a mixed-method approach to develop a scale to measure HEI attribute-based motivation regulations. Findings: A total of eight regulations were proposed: academic/extracurricular activities, infrastructure, faculty research expertise, teaching and learning quality, placement opportunities, marketing and promotion, education cost and social influence. The first four were autonomous motivations and the remaining were controlled motivations. Research limitations/implications: The study leverages the SDT motivation continuum into a structured HEI attribute-based student motivation framework. Practical implications: The study guides HEI managers with specific attributes to position the institute appropriately. Originality/value: This is one of the few works in the higher education utilizing the complete SDT framework. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Contract renewal is critical to maintaining a company’s recurring revenue source. Therefore, there is a significant emphasis on setting up an efficient process for renewal. In this study, a machine learning technique was followed to improve contract renewal rates. In addition to this, key factors affecting renewal rates were also studied in detail. The solution presented in this study used an unsupervised machine learning technique to segment high-risk resellers with relatively lower probability of renewal, which was further actioned upon by a proactive contact strategy soliciting a contract renewal. This solution was tested and monitored for a period of three quarters. It resulted in an incremental improvement in the renewal rate for the company. As part of the implementation, a user interface application was also developed, which enabled the sales specialist to list and contact high-risk (or underperformer) resellers quarter-on-quarter. © Operational Research Society 2020.

In this article we consider the analysis of progressively censored competing risks data obtained from a simple step-stress experiment. It is assumed that there are only two competing causes of failures at each stress level and the lifetime distribution of each one of them is one parameter exponential distribution. Based on the cumulative exposure model assumption, the conditional maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the unknown parameters can be obtained in explicit forms. Confidence intervals of the unknown parameters based on the exact distributions of the conditional MLEs and percentile bootstrap method, are constructed. Further we obtain Bayes estimates and the associated credible intervals based on a very flexible Beta-gamma prior on the unknown parameters. A simulation experiment has been performed to observe the performances of the different estimators. © 2020 Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research

The health system is intricate due to its dynamic nature and critical service requirements. The involvement of multiple layers of health service providers quadrupled this complexity and results in a complicated operating environment. Simulation is often considered an apt technique to model and study complex systems in the literature. The popularity of simulation in the healthcare domain had only accelerated with time and resulted in a large number of articles intended to solve myriad healthcare problems. This article analyzes healthcare simulation literature of the past decade (2007-2016) that addresses operations management issues in various healthcare service delivery levels and categorizes the literature accordingly. In the next step, we attempt to assimilate the entire literature to capture specific health issues addressed, operations management concepts applied, and simulation methods used, and identify major research gaps. Finally, we develop the research agenda from dividing these gaps into the contextual, conceptual, and methodological genre that is consistent with the previous state-of-the-art literature reviews in operations management. Furthermore, this article demonstrates other minute aspects such as "sources of funding"and "tools used for the research"to maintain coherence with the previous reviews in the healthcare simulation. The objective of this work is twofold: To connect the knowledge continuum to the present, and to provide potential research directions for future academicians. © 2020 ACM.

Purpose: Despite studies claiming gender inclusion is beneficial for organizations, the under-representation of females in the workforce is a reality. As recruitment practices impact employees' entry into organizations, examining the salient predictors of job pursuit intention might foster gender inclusivity. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a mixed-method study conducted in two phases (Phase 1: a sample of 2,084 professionals; Phase 2: interviews of 20 senior human resource (HR) professionals and interviews with 26 women professionals), we examine the key predictors of job pursuit intention of women. We employed a qualitative study as Phase 2 employed a qualitative study to understand why some of the proposed hypotheses were not supported. Findings: We found that work–life balance, perceived job security and perceived ethical behavior of organizations were more important for female than the male applicants in influencing their job pursuit intention. Also, the type of work and person–organization (P–O) fit were found to be equally important for both the gender groups. The implications of the study to theory and practice were discussed. Research limitations/implications: Our study extends the existing literature by identifying salient factors (such as work–life balance, perceived job security and ethical citizenship) that are found to be more important for female applicants compared to their male counterparts while pursuing a job. Also, females were found to worry more about losing or not finding a job than males. Our results further indicate that type of work and P–O fit have a significant effect on job pursuit intention for both male and female applicants. The study addresses the need for research on targeted recruitment to increase gender inclusion. Practical implications: The contribution of this paper lies in identifying critical factors relevant to the female applicants in India who potentially constitute a large talent pool waiting to be leveraged. It adds to the body of knowledge on enabling inclusivity and affirmative action for increasing gender diversity through recruitment. By highlighting the factors that should be given prominence in job promotions to attract more female candidates and emphasizing the gender-focused HR policies and practices and through internal and external communication, it helps practitioners attract and retain female applicants in an emerging economy like India. Originality/value: Our study contributes in three ways. First, it attempts to plug the gap by investigating gendered preferences in job pursuit intentions between male and female applicants, especially in different cultural environments and in emerging markets such as India. Second, existing studies on job pursuit intentions were based mostly on inputs from student respondents. Our study has collected data from professionals working in organizations who have worked and experienced gender-related HR practices in organizations. Third, our study used a mixed-method approach to get a nuanced understanding of female talent expectations and preferences during the job-seeking behavior. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

This paper examines the direction and extent of the asymmetric volatility connectedness among international equity markets using 5-minute interval data from 16 stock markets. We analyze asymmetric volatility connectedness using realized volatility and identify the magnitude of the volatility spillover and of the connectedness through networks. We decompose realized volatility into good and bad, and volatility spillover is time-varying and asymmetric. Bad volatility dominates good volatility in international stock markets. Macroeconomic shocks (negative interest rates in Japan, economic stress in China, a recession in Russia, and double-digit inflation in Brazil) increased volatility asymmetry. Asian markets are responsible for stronger negative spillover, thereby necessitating regulations to reduce the strong negative volatility connectedness with Asian markets. © 2020 The Authors

With the self-determination theory (SDT) as grounding, the current study uses qualitative investigation with twenty-five respondents and a two-stage quantitative validation with 782 respondents, to propose seven travel motivations for Indian millennials. These motivations are knowledge-seeking, escape, sense of accomplishment, experience stimulation, social relationships, destination rewards, and social media compulsion. These motivations are mapped to specific regulations in the SDT and organized into autonomous and controlled motivations. Both autonomous and controlled motivations have a significant impact on travel intentions. A judgemental sample of Indian millennials is drawn from the eligible client-list of a prominent tourism agency used as the sampling frame. The study guides destination managers to position their destinations aligned with the motivations that drive Indian millennials to travel. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

We present a location–allocation problem for wastewater treatment in a cluster of processing units. The problem involves installing wastewater treatment plants of appropriate capacities at suitable locations and allocating processing units to these plants. The operational cost of treatment plants is a nonconvex function of wastewater volume and pollutant concentration. This problem is formulated as a non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. For the general class of this problem, solution strategies based on adapted McCormick envelopes and also piece-wise linear approximation are presented. For a special case of this problem, an exact convexification strategy is proposed and an outer approximation based branch-and-cut approach is presented as an exact solution method. For solving larger instances, we present a matheuristic solution method based on multi-start neighborhood search incorporated into a MINLP solution approach. A real-world case study is presented to illustrate the results of the model along with a multi-objective analysis. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

We study the problem of assigning doctors to existing, non-operational Primary Health Centers (PHCs). We do this in the presence of clear guidelines on the maximum population that can be served by any PHC, and uncertainties in the availability of the doctors over the planning horizon. We model the problem as a robust capacitated multi-period maximal covering location problem with server uncertainty. Such supply-side uncertainties have not been accounted for in the context of multi-period facility location in the extant literature. We present an MIP formulation of this problem, which turns out to be too difficult for an off-the-shelf solver like CPLEX. We, therefore, present several dominance rules to reduce the size of the model. We further propose a Benders decomposition based solution method with several refinements that exploit the underlying structure of the problem to solve it extremely efficiently. Our computational experiments show one of the variants of our Benders decomposition based method to be on average almost 1000 times faster, compared to the CPLEX MIP solver, for problem instances containing 300 demand nodes and 10 facilities. Further, while the CPLEX MIP solver could not solve most of the instances beyond 300 demand nodes and 10 facilities even after 20 hours, two of our variants of Benders decomposition could solve instances upto the size of 500 demand nodes and 15 facilities in less than 0.5 hour, on average. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Purpose: The focus is on how agencies can mitigate client opportunism in an agency-client relationship (ACR), particularly during the agency selection stage involving a pitch. This paper aims to empirically investigate the moderating effects of organizational mechanisms (particularly informational cues) and the agency’s past behavior on client opportunism. In a moderated moderation, this paper tests the effects of calculative commitment, informational cue and agency’s past behavior on the main effect. Design/methodology/approach: The research is in the context of ACR involving a pitch at the agency selection stage. A mixed-method approach is used. In depth interviews with senior level executives were used to design the experimental vignettes. The main study uses experimental vignettes in a survey. Findings: The study finds the prevalence of client opportunism during the pitch. The study reveals a significant relationship between information asymmetry and client opportunism. The findings of the study support the effectiveness of organizational mechanisms in mitigating client opportunism. The findings indicate that a proactive approach such as using informational cues mitigates client opportunism as it signals to the client that the agency cares for its intellectual property. Clients also take a cue from agencies past behavior. Third-party complaints and voice complaint deters client opportunism. Moderated moderation reveals that the client’s calculative commitment impacts client opportunism. Originality/value: The study is novel in empirically examining client opportunism during the agency selection stage involving a pitch. The study re-emphasizes that information asymmetry is the primary reason for client opportunism in ACR at the agency selection stage. The role of organizational mechanism and agency response in mitigating client opportunism is a welcome addition. Moderated moderation effects involving calculative commitment is a novel addition. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: This study describes in detail an application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC)-based systems thinking approach towards clear and effective communication in a change management exercise. The same is achieved through the example of a large defence organization that is struggling with a multitude of problems in its stores and purchase departments. Design/methodology/approach: It is demonstrated through the case study how five systems thinking tools – Current Reality Tree (CRT), Evaporating Cloud (EC), Future Reality Tree (FRT), Negative Branch Reservation (NBR) and Prerequisite Tree (PRT) – can be applied in overcoming different layers of resistance and for getting the necessary agreement from the stakeholders for a successful change initiative. Findings: The five logical thinking tools helped answer the three questions – “what to change”, “what to change to” and “how to cause the change” (Goldratt, 1990) – satisfactorily and overcome various layers of resistance to get the desired buy-in from the stakeholders for a successful change management exercise. Originality/value: The cause-and-effect based method presented in this work is generic enough and can be adopted for getting a buy-in in a variety of change management contexts. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: Access-based services (ABS) have been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to validate customer barriers to ABS focusing on the contamination barrier. As service employees’ presence violates the COVID-19 physical distancing norms and heightens contamination fear, this paper tests its effects on continued use intentions of ABS. This study also empirically examines the role of conspicuous virtue signaling and organizational response. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in the context of scooter sharing and uses a mixed-method to explore the relatively under-researched problem of contamination fear in ABS. Study one uses the survey method and study two uses a 2 × 2 matrix between-subject design. Findings: The results reveal that perceptions of resource sufficiency positively affect continued use intentions of ABS. The presence of a service employee hurts continued use intentions. Further, there are a three-way interaction between ABS type (service employee presence/absence), organizational response (solution-oriented/general information) and resource sufficiency perceptions. Organizational response mitigates the negative effect of service employee presence on the link between resource adequacy perceptions and ABS continued use intentions. Originality/value: In contrast with prior research, this study shows that contamination fear invokes protection motivation, resulting in better preparedness and continued use intentions of ABS. The predicted difference is primarily between customers who attribute responsibility and ABS type differently (presence/absence of service employee). This study also explores the role of organizational response to COVID-19. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The business process outsourcing industry has got disrupted, first by the significant shift in value creation activities from the clients to the service providers, and second by pervasive digital penetration, resulting in the emergence of Digital Transformational Outsourcing (DTO). Service providers now play a more significant role, making their capabilities important. In the new context, service providers require a uniquely different set of dynamic capabilities to handle end-to-end business functions on behalf of their clients while delivering digital value propositions. We study 26 of the largest global business process outsourcing providers to conceptualise and identify six dynamic capabilities of service providers salient in the new context, i.e., consultative, orchestration, insights, network management, knowledge access, and standardisation. Interviews conducted with industry experts provided evidence in support of the identified dynamic capabilities. A novel firm capability dataset was created using secondary data, and using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), we identify configurations for high and low performance and find them to vary by the firm's broad/narrow scope. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Despite its direct impact on corporate longevity, there is no established theory of organizational learning yet. Coupled with the lack of empirical studies that use novel approaches for studying organizational learning, led us to propose a relationship-based perspective rooted in social network analysis for better understanding the underlying social processes in learning. We chose the context of family firms for studying organizational learning because family firms provide an appropriate context to investigate the relationships between people in the learning process. A richly detailed single-case methodology, which is often utilized for social network analysis, was deemed appropriate for our study. We collected data from the members of the management team of a second-generation family business. The socio-centric (whole-network) approach in social network analysis was used for collecting participant responses. The data were entered into a social network analysis program called UCINET to calculate the network measures for learning subprocesses. The author complemented the analysis using UCINET with interviews to develop a detailed description of the case. The assessment of the relational characteristics via social network analysis helped to clarify sources of path dependence in family businesses. Mapping information flow made it possible to predict whose knowledge will account for a substantial amount of an organization's learning accounted for by various subprocesses. Based on works that have already been done on organizational learning and social network analysis, our findings cast new light on research that has examined the effects of relational properties on the extent of organizational learning in family firms. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Purpose: While prior studies have highlighted the brighter side of technology adoption in improving human resource (HR) functions, the dark side pertaining to the adoption of technology in people management within organizations has gone relatively unnoticed. The current study tries to demystify the dark side of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) by examining banking institutions in India which are believed to have undergone several transformations in recent years. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts an inductive qualitative approach to examine the research problem. In total, 53 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the employees of eight public sector banks in India. The interviews were transcribed. The analysis of the data was done using the thematic analysis technique. Findings: The findings of the study suggest that there is a stratification of the workplace in banking institutions into digital natives and digital migrants. This social stratification is based on technology adoption and usage which has further created problems in the form of knowledge hiding and perceived workplace conflicts. Practical implications: The findings of the current study have important theoretical and managerial implications. It not only extends the current scholarship on the transtheoretical model of change but it also has strong managerial implications as it highlights the need for the adoption of customized e-HRM training curriculums for the workforce based on their age, education, work experience and expertise. Originality/value: Current research on the dark side of e-HRM is inadequate. Furthermore, the evolution of banking institutions from being a typical bureaucratic organization into a hybrid one has not been examined in the context of e-HRM. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

When a national leader is accused of impropriety, people often desire his/her ouster. To explain such desire for punishment, the authors tested two predictions of the model of intuitive prosecutors. While continuing in the position after the allegation activates the prosecutorial mind among people, resigning from the position deactivates it (Prediction 1). The relation between an inappropriate response by the leader and the desired punishment is mediated sequentially by dispositional attribution to, outrage with, and attitude toward him/her (Prediction 2). In Experiment 1, the accused leader had resigned (i.e., already punished) or hadn't resigned from the position (i.e., remained unpunished). In Experiment 2, the leader had also cooperated with (i.e., an appropriate response) or threatened the accusers and the investigators (i.e., an inappropriate response). Participants (Ns = 168 and 200) from India made the dispositional attribution, outrage, attitude, and punishment responses to the leader. Results supported both predictions. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC

In international business (IB), the level of equity ownership adopted by a firm is an important decision. In this study, we review and synthesize the findings of 105 empirical studies published in prominent IB and management journals on the determinants of equity ownership stake in foreign investment decisions, published between 1991 and 2020. Three primary theoretical lenses ? organizational learning perspective, transaction cost economics and institutional perspective – are adopted to catalogue and synthesize the existing literature. We find that, despite the proliferation of IB studies on antecedents of level of equity ownership decisions, many unanswered questions remain. We also find that theoretical fault lines impede progress in this research stream. Based on the literature review, we suggest a research programme that includes accounting for the behavioural view of decision-making in the organization, shifting from an atomistic perspective to a network perspective of the firm, having a better understanding of the process of internationalization and considering industry heterogeneity as well as the host country's characteristics. © 2021 British Academy of Management and John Wiley & Sons Ltd