Although much has been discussed about the link between renewable energy, globalisation and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, yet the impact of total factor productivity (TFP) on CO2 emissions is less known in the existing literature. Therefore, the present study considers TFP as one of the determinants of CO2 as it is believed that technological enhancement plays an essential role in improving the environmental quality by raising efficiency in energy use and pollution treatment. In contrast, it may also have unfavourable impacts. In particular, this study analyses how TFP along with renewable energy and globalisation affect the aggregate and source of CO2 emissions (oil, coal and gas) in the case of top ten carbon emitters from the developing economies over the period 1980–2018. To achieve the above objective, we use the second-generation panel unit root, cointegration and causality tests. We also implement a cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL) to find the long-run and short-run coefficients. Findings from panel cointegration tests show that there exists a significant long-run relationship between renewable energy, non-renewable energy, globalisation, total factor productivity and CO2. Moreover, findings show that renewable energy consumption has a negative and significant impact on CO2 emissions while non-renewable energy consumption significantly increases the CO2 at aggregate and disaggregated levels. Further, our results confirm that TFP increases the CO2 emissions whereas globalisation decreases CO2. From the policy point of view, TFP growth needs to be accelerated to a higher level so that it enables low carbon growth. The slower TFP growth may enhance output which requires more energy and produces more emissions. Thus, there should be a promotion of emissions’ reducing technology along with better TFP growth. Also, our findings recommend that CO2 in sample countries can be reduced through promoting low carbon technology, and globalisation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is an important managerial tool for evaluating the performance of decision-making units (DMUs). The conventional DEA models are mostly in the static environment using deterministic/crisp data for input and output parameters. However, in real situations, input and output data cannot always be obtained accurately because of vagueness due to fluctuating market conditions. Such vagueness in input and output data can be tackled with fuzzy numbers. So, the aim of the current study is to extend the crisp DEA into fuzzy DEA (FDEA). In this study, the input and output data are considered as fuzzy numbers (FNs), particularly the triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). Then, a multi-objective approach is developed to solve the FDEA model to measure the performance efficiencies of DMUs. Further, the DMUs are ranked according to their efficiencies obtained. Finally, the developed FMODEA model and rankings of DMUs are illustrated with an application on real data 13 educational institutions in India. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to employ a model to expand the literature's comprehension of the organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) phenomenon in the Indian banking sector. The authors examine OCB as a mediator of the relationship between job embeddedness (JE), self-efficacy (SE) and organisation effectiveness (OE). The authors also verify the moderating role of affective commitment (AC) on the JE, SE and OE relationship. Design/methodology/approach: Data for the purpose of this paper are collected from 568 employees in 89 branches of banks located in North and Central India using a survey questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: The findings confirm the positive association between JE, SE and OE. The results also suggest that OCB mediates the association between the independent and dependent variables. Furthermore, the authors observed that AC moderates the OCB and OE relationship. Practical implications: The results of this examination will assist the employees to realise the substance of OCB in directing their performance towards OE. This investigation will inspire bank managers to notice that employee readiness to put in extra effort in a bank is primarily the effect of apt individual characteristics, namely JE and SE, that can be shaped and developed. Furthermore, this study draws the attention of bank managers towards the significance of AC, as an essential phenomenon to emotionally attach the employees to their organisation. Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing literature on OCB by examining how OCB leads to desired outcomes and the conditions that promote the effect of OCB. The authors address these questions by building on a more contemporary perspective, i.e., PsyCap. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: The study examines the role of attitude, perceived relative advantage and perceived risk on intention to participate in the sharing economy–based cab services in India. Further, it investigates the impact of intention to participate in the sharing economy on transformation expectations of consumers. Finally, the study tests the moderating role of materialism in the relationship between intention to participate in the sharing economy and transformation expectations of consumers. Design/methodology/approach: This study used cross-sectional survey research design to collect data from 408 respondents through online questionnaire in India, an emerging market. The study analysed the data using structural equation modelling technique using IBM AMOS software. Findings: The findings of the study suggest that perceived relative advantage and attitude influences the intention to participate in the sharing economy. Intention to participate in the sharing economy positively influences transformation expectations. Materialism moderates the relationship between intention to participate and transformation expectations of consumers. Research limitations/implications: In a departure from previous studies, this study establishes that perceived risk may not be an important factor driving the intention to participate in the sharing economy. Further, it is among the first studies to establish the role of intention to participate in the sharing economy as a possible driver of transformation expectations. Practical implications: The importance of transformation expectations can be communicated as an outcome to encourage participation in the sharing economy. Managers can highlight the relative advantages to promote participation in the sharing economy. Originality/value: This study is probably the first attempt to understand the transformation expectations of consumers in the sharing economy. Further, the study tests the moderating role of materialism in the relationship between intention to participate and transformation expectation of consumers. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the important factors that could affect consumers' behavioural intention and use behaviour towards mobile payment services during COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed model extends meta-Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (meta-UTAUT) model with perceived severity and self-efficacy factors affecting consumers' behavioural intention and use behaviour towards mobile payment services. A convenient sampling technique has been utilized to gather data from a self-administered questionnaire. The data collection was restricted to the online mode to avoid any physical contact considering the COVID-19 situation. Findings: The findings revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and perceived severity have a significant positive impact on consumers' attitude; facilitating conditions has a significant positive impact on effort expectancy; self-efficacy has a significant positive impact on effort expectancy; attitude has a significant positive impact on behavioural intention; and behavioural intention has a significant positive impact on use behaviour. Social influence did not confirm any significant relationship. Research limitations/implications: The current research study has utilized a non-probability convenient sampling technique to gather data through a self-administered questionnaire. The data collection was restricted to the online mode to avoid any physical contact considering the COVID-19 situation. The respondents were adopters of mobile payment services. The scope of the study is the COVID-19 context or related chronic diseases context where major preventive mechanisms such as social distancing and avoidance of physical contacts are vital. Originality/value: This study has extended the meta-UTAUT model with the COVID-19 context-specific constructs and relationships. The undertaken work has strengthened the explanability of the model. The inclusion of context relevant variables such as perceived severity and self-efficacy and their association with the existing meta-UTAUT framework have enriched the context of the study. The current study offers a holistic understanding of significant factors influencing Indian consumers’ adoption of mobile payment services in the COVID-19 context. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The original version of the article unfortunately contained a mistake in appearance of the author name. The given name and family name were erroneously transposed. The incorrect author name is: Jariwala Harsha Vijaykumar. The correct author name is: Harsha Vijaykumar Jariwala. Second, the additional affiliation of Finance & Accounting, Indian Institute of Management Jammu, India has been added in this correction. © 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

This study aims at identifying the determinants of early-stage entrepreneurial activities (TEA) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey. Out of 4,048 adult populations surveyed in Saudi Arabia, about 11.4% have reported early-stage entrepreneurial activity. Analysis indicates a significant association between demographic characteristics and early-stage entrepreneurship. Further, the regression estimates indicate that all three components of the theory of planned behavior, i.e., attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE), Perceived Subjective Norms (PSN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), have a positive and significant impact on the early-stage entrepreneurial activities among the adult population. The analysis indicates the individuals choosing entrepreneurship as a career choice and perceive greater economic opportunities with social orientation are induced to start an enterprise at an early stage. Moreover, self-efficacy is a strong factor inducing early-stage entrepreneurs, while risk perception towards entrepreneurship hinders entrepreneurial growth. The study provides insights for developing schemes and policies towards strengthening the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Saudi Arabia and provides further research direction on entrepreneurial initiatives. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Purpose: This paper investigates the magnitude of financial inclusion in terms of ownership and usage of financial products across gender in Saudi Arabia based on the World Bank's Global Financial Inclusion (GFI) survey data. Design/methodology/approach: This study derives the data from the GFI survey, covering 1,009 respondents from Saudi Arabia. The data on ownership and usage of financial products along with demographic characteristics of the surveyed respondents have been extracted for the analysis. The data have been analyzed with the help of statistical techniques, such as the chi-square test, and marginal effects for identifying the factors affecting financial inclusion across gender. Findings: There is a significant association between financial inclusion and gender in terms of ownership and usage. About 82% of males have reported having a bank account with financial institutions, whereas only 60% females have reported ownership of a bank account in Saudi Arabia. The ownership and usage of financial products are comparatively more among males than females. The analysis of the marginal effect of gender shows a significant and positive impact on financial inclusion, implying that males are 10 and 13% more likely to own and use financial products, respectively, as compared to females. Further, marginal effect estimates for ownership and usage for males and females indicate that a set of independent variables related to age, level of education, occupation and income level of the respondents have a significant impact on financial inclusion. Practical implications: Financial inclusion across gender is the first step of creating an inclusive society and empowering both males and females equally. Findings indicated an inclination of financial inclusion towards males. The research findings provide key policy insights for achieving the Vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia by strengthening gender inclusion in its growth story and ensuring the participation of females at workplaces. Originality/value: Most of the studies have included bank account ownership in a financial institution as an indicator of financial inclusion. The authors have included ownership and usage of a variety of financial products for assessing the determinants of financial inclusion across gender, which provides empirical evidence on the magnitude of financial inclusion. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Considering the importance of natural resources in output inequality across the globe which has socio-economic and political consequences, this paper examines the club convergence of natural resources rents across 108 countries for a period of 1970–2019 using clustering algorithms as propounded by Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) to understand global convergence. The results derived from the analysis indicate that all countries together are not converging to one steady-state, but rather creating two distinct clubs. This suggests that countries are not using the same level of natural resources rents. In particular, countries that lie in club 1 are on the higher side in natural resources rents, whereas club 2 countries are at the lower natural resources rents as a percent of gross domestic product. This recommends that club 1 countries be careful in exploiting the natural resources rents as they are limited. It also leads to a decline in capital when the contribution of natural resources increases in the output. Further, our findings advise that club 1 countries can learn and implement the successful policies of club 2 countries for better and sustainable economic growth and diversification by carefully managing their scarce natural resources. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

This study examines how economic complexity, along with human capital, total factor productivity, foreign direct investment, and trade openness, leads to per capita CO2 emissions (PCO2Es) convergence at club level in the case of 42 countries for the period of 1998–2019. To do so, first, this study implements the Phillips and Sul novel club convergence approach, and results show the existence of three clubs implying the distinct transition paths. Secondly, to examine how the economic complexity affects the PCO2Es in each club, this study applies a panel data model. This study finds the divergence in PCCO2Es when all 42 countries are considered together. However, there is existence of three clubs that are converging to their steady states due to economic complexity along with control variables. Further, the impact of economic complexity on PCO2Es is found to be different for the three clubs. For instance, a positive and significant relationship has been noted for clubs 1 and 2 (high and moderate PCO2Es). This implies that economic shifts in these countries degrade the environment. While in the case of club 3, we find a negative and significant relationship suggesting an improvement in the environmental quality. From the policy point of view, it can be suggested that environmental policies should be designed at the club level by targeting economic complexity. Further, club 1 and club 2 may improve the environmental quality by adopting some of the successful environmental policies from club 3 countries. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

While the bulk of the studies in India examine the convergence of per-capita income or expenditures, we investigate whether there is any evidence of convergence of government revenues and its various compositions by focusing a panel of 22 Indian states for the periods 1980–81 to 2014–15. To answer this question, the present study employs Phillips and Sul panel club convergence technique. The results find evidence of a single club convergence in the case of total revenues and revenues collected in the revenue account. Further, our results also reveal the presence of three-club convergence when we disaggregate the gross revenues into capital receipts and state-owned tax-revenue. From the policy perspective, it is important for the Central government to integrate all states in revenues collection through tax devolution formula and grants-in-aid. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Purpose: The paper investigates shoppers' justification behind the showrooming behaviour and proposes an integrated SOR-MOA framework and a SAP-LAP model for a better understanding of the showrooming phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a qualitative approach. A narrative-based examination followed by an inductive thematic analysis was employed to discover consumers' reasoning behind showrooming. Findings: The results of the study affirmed the distinction between situational and intentional showrooming conduct. Situational factors have been classified across two categories: store-related (mismanagement at the store, assortment issues) and sales-personal related factors (disrespectful, rude, poor response and dishonest behaviour of the sales staff). However, factors corresponding to intentional showrooming conduct have been characterized as motivational (perceived value, past experience and perceived relative advantage), opportunity (retailer's support and services, channel availability and consumer empowerment) and ability (consumer skills)-related factors in aggregation with the stimulus organism response ideology. In addition, the study also highlights the consequences associated with the showrooming conduct of the shoppers. Research limitations/implications: The findings of the study need further exploration and examination through the adoption of a quantitative approach on a large sample size. Practical implications: The findings of the study can be utilized by offline retailers for devising strategies to counter showrooming customers and retain them as buyers. Originality/value: The study emerges as the first piece of research to account for the ability and opportunity perspectives for better understanding of showrooming. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The extant review studies on the Base/bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) have paid inadequate attention to the producer and entrepreneur roles of the poor. This review article exclusively focused on BoP producers and subsistence entrepreneurs provides an overview of the current state of research on BoP producers and subsistence entrepreneurs. It encompasses 130 articles from 67 peer-reviewed academic journals and develops an organizing framework for classifying these articles. The conceptual model of entrepreneurship in poverty contexts presented in this article illustrates the drivers, barriers, facilitators and consequences of subsistence entrepreneurship. The conceptual model helps to highlight the relevance of contextually informed public support and advocates adopting a collaborative approach for addressing various challenges faced by BoP producers. We also discuss the implications of our article and provide directions for future research. © The Author(s) 2022.

This paper investigates the factors affecting access to clean cooking fuel among rural Indian households during the COVID-19 outbreak, based on World Bank's rural impact survey, covering 2731 rural households. Our analysis shows a significant decline in access to clean fuel among rural households from 35% in 2018 i.e. before COVID-19 to 19.7% during the COVID-19 pandemic. This implies that in order to meet their cooking needs, many rural households have switched from conventional fuels, which have numerous health and environmental concerns. The association between states and socio-demographic profiles of rural households with access to sources of cooking fuel shows a significant difference. The analysis results further indicate that socio-demographic characteristics and asset holdings of the rural households are the key factors that determine access to clean cooking fuel during COVID-19. Among the socio-demographic variables, age, gender, family size, social category, and income level are estimated to be significant factors that affect the access to clean fuel for cooking. Similarly, ownership of assets such as exclusive kitchen room, refrigerator, pressure cooker, television, and furniture are significant factors affecting access to clean cooking fuel among Indian rural households. Additionally, this study provides policy insights on developing mechanisms to ensure that rural households have an access to clean cooking fuel during crisis situations such as COVID-19. © 2022 International Energy Initiative

Purpose: Amidst the exponential spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore the evolving dynamics underlying consumers' narratives about luxury-brands over social media. While visualizing these Online Luxury-Brand Self-Narratives (OLBSNs) as a decision-making situation, the authors question the “rational-being” assumption of the Net Valence Model (NVM) during a pandemic situation. Specifically, the authors draw upon Terror Management Theory (TMT) to explicate the role of pandemic-induced mortality salience in rendering the idealistic assumptions of NVM unattainable. The authors uncover evidence of risk-taking behavior among luxury consumers while using OLBSNs as a potential meaning-providing structure during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a cross-sectional survey method. The authors conducted a structured Qualtrics survey to collect data from 588 respondents. The authors examined the hypothesized relationships using structural equation modeling. Findings: In contrast to the conventional wisdom of NVM, the results suggest a positive influence of not only perceived benefits but also perceived risks on intention to engage in OLBSN and brand advocacy during the ongoing pandemic. Research limitations/implications: This study explains the emerging dynamics of pandemic-induced mortality salience in OLBSN decision-making and has implications for luxury-brand marketers in designing brand communication strategies over social media. Originality/value: This study makes an original endeavor to extend NVM beyond rational decision-making context by integrating the theoretical tenets of TMT within NVM while also delineating the decision-making mechanism of OLBSNs during the pandemic. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of work engagement (WE) and group cohesion (GC) in the context of fun at workplace (FAW) and its outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 753 employees of fast food chain restaurants in India have been contacted, and 244 responded back. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the data. Further, the hypothesized relationships have been tested using structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that WE mediates the relationship between FAW and intention to leave (ITL). Further, GC moderates the relationship between FAW and WE. Research limitations/implications: This research has been conducted in fast food chain restaurants only, and the data is cross-sectional in nature. Practical implications: Organizations should develop a business culture based on fun and enjoyment, which will help in creating a comfortable environment for employees and reduce their ITL. Social implications: Society benefits a lot if employees have positive work experiences. FAW will help to reduce the negative spillover of work pressure/stress to the home. Employees will come home with minimum work stress and will contribute positively to their personal and social life. Originality/value: The present study empirically tested the mediating role of WE between FAW and ITL and moderating role of GC between FAW and WE that helped a lot to understand the relationships in the workplace setting. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

This paper aims at analysing the level of awareness of the symptoms and the methods of protection from COVID-19 based on the Rural Impact Survey of the World Bank, collected from 5200 households belonging to six states in India that is, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Data has been analysed using chi-square test and regression analysis. Results of the analysis indicate that about 70.8% rural households are aware of the symptom of coronavirus, and 81.9% are aware of the preventive measures for controlling the spread of COVID-19. Analysis indicates a significant association between awareness level on symptoms and prevention of COVID-19 and socio-demographics and location. The study further analyses the key determinants of awareness of COVID-19 symptoms and preventive measures using the logistics regression model, indicating that age, gender, education, income, poverty status, access to information, cash relief and medical services are the determining factors of health awareness on COVID-19 pandemic among rural households in India. Considering the importance of self-protecting measures in fighting the pandemic, this paper highlights the importance of strengthening public awareness for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Purpose: The surge in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in India raises the need to study the variables that affect product and category choices, consumer buying preferences and consumrs' future spending. The purpose of the research is to analyse the purchasing behaviour of Indian consumers with regard to health and hygiene products, taking into consideration the impact of the current pandemic crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Using purposive sampling criteria, a web-based questionnaire was circulated and a total of 411 responses were received. Findings: The results assert that variables such as awareness of social distancing, brand-cause fit, word-of-mouth (WOM) publicity, altruist attribution, perceived usefulness and social norms have significant impact on trust and perceived values, which ultimately leads to consumer's purchase intention towards health and hygiene products. In addition, the model detects the moderating role of health consciousness. Practical implications: The empirical findings will help marketers in designing their strategies to enhance consumer purchase intention with regard to health and hygiene products in the current pandemic situation. Originality/value: The study enriches the emerging literature with regard to the impact of COVID-19 on health and hygiene products retailing. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Broader outlook, ethics, and social responsibility have been long-standing concerns in business practices and management. In this regard, an effective management education would play a pivotal role in instilling an ethical grounding among management students, who represent the future management practitioners. Therefore, going beyond the self-oriented perspective and promoting altruistic behavior among them would be significant in establishing broader, socially responsible considerations in organizations. However, little research has investigated how to increase altruistic behavior. To address this need, we propose that Yoga-based practices (YBP) can build-up altruistic behavior by enhancing subjective vitality (SV), self-transcendence (ST), and psychological capital (PsyCap). We report two studies to test this hypothesis. In Study 1, a survey-based study (n = 342), we examine the impact of SV and ST on altruistic behavior mediated by PsyCap. The results from structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized model. In study 2, we examine the impact of YBP on SV and ST using longitudinal randomized controlled experiment design (n = 109). The findings of study 2 suggest that YBP enhanced both SV and ST and that YBP are effective, efficient, and sustainable training tools for building altruistic behavior among management students. We discuss the significance and implications of these findings for organizations, management education, and leadership development. We consider the limitations of our study and suggest directions for future research. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the impact of brand nostalgia, self-brand connections and parent brand trust on brand extension purchase intention. Additionally, the research examines the moderating effect of brand attachment on the link between brand nostalgia and intention to purchase brand extensions, as well as the relationship between self-brand connections and intention to purchase brand extensions. Design/methodology/approach: The study collected data from 458 respondents in India using a cross-sectional survey research methodology. The collected data were analysed in two stages in SPSS, using structural equation modelling and the process macro bootstrapping method. Findings: The study’s results indicate that although brand nostalgia and self-brand linkages exert a favourable impact on intention to purchase brand extensions, this effect is not significant when it comes to brand trust. Brand attachment acts as a moderator between brand nostalgia and the intention to purchase brand extensions. Additionally, brand attachment acts as a moderator between self-brand connections and the intention to purchase brand extensions. Research limitations/implications: The study adds to the consumer–brand relationship and brand extension literature by proposing and empirically testing a comprehensive model that determines the role of brand nostalgia in the formation of self-brand connections with the brand, trust in the parent brand and, finally, the intention to purchase brand extensions. Additionally, it examines if consumers’ attachment to the parent brand increases or decreases their intention to purchase brand extensions. Practical implications: Consumer brand nostalgia may be leveraged while introducing brand extensions into the market. What is more, managers could use brand attachment to enhance the impact of brand nostalgia for favourable brand expansion assessments. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to examine the influence of brand nostalgia and self-brand connections on the intention to purchase brand extensions. Besides, it tests the moderating impact of brand attachment on the relationship between brand nostalgia and intention to purchase brand extensions. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.