In clinical studies, survival analysis is a well known technique to analyze time to event data with the assumption that every subject in the study will encounter the event of interest. With recent advancements in the drug development industry, a fraction of subjects may not face the event and are considered as immune or cured. However, due to the finite study period, full knowledge of subjects who are immune is usually not known and hence, can be considered as missing. We develop a novel semi-parametric algorithm to address this problem by minimizing a suitable loss function, which incorporates the missing data and generates cure indicators for the censored individuals. We prove the existence of a global minimizer for the loss function and establish some asymptotic properties, demonstrate via numerical experiments that under appropriate circumstances, our approach performs better than simpler alternatives, and use this algorithm to estimate lifetime parameters and the overall survivor function. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

A multichannel autoencoder deep learning approach is developed to address the present intrusion detection systems' detection accuracy and false alarm rate. First, two separate autoencoders are trained with average traffic and assault traffic. The original samples and the two additional feature vectors comprise a multichannel feature vector. Next, a one-dimensional convolution neural network (CNN) learns probable relationships across channels to better discriminate between ordinary and attack traffic. Unaided multichannel characteristic learning and supervised cross-channel characteristic dependency are used to develop an effective intrusion detection model. The scope of this research is that the method described in this study may significantly minimize false positives while also improving the detection accuracy of unknown attacks, which is the focus of this paper. This research was done in order to improve intrusion detection prediction performance. The autoencoder can successfully reduce the number of features while also allowing for easy integration with different neural networks; it can reduce the time it takes to train a model while also improving its detection accuracy. An evolutionary algorithm is utilized to discover the ideal topology set of the CNN model to maximize the hyperparameters and improve the network's capacity to recognize interchannel dependencies. This paper is based on the multichannel autoencoder's effectiveness; the fourth experiment is a comparative analysis, which proves the benefits of the approach in this article by correlating it to the findings of various different intrusion detection methods. This technique outperforms previous intrusion detection algorithms in several datasets and has superior forecast accuracy. © 2022 Jay Kumar Pandey et al.

Purpose: This study aims to identify how ICT appeared as an emergent business strategy and to investigate the impact of ICT adoption factors on the perceived benefits of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Design/methodology/approach: A total of 393 responses from Indian small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) were collected for the final analysis. The study presents the partial least-squares structural equation modeling with the Chi-square test and descriptive analysis as a methodology based on numerous independent variables and one dependent variable. Findings: The findings indicate that ICT adoption during and following the COVID-19 pandemic is constant in nature of the enterprise. Moreover, the results indicate that different adoption of ICT factors influence on perceived benefits of organizational performance of Indian MSMEs that lent good support except for the regulatory framework. Research limitations/implications: The implications of the current research help Indian MSMEs to take investment decisions in various technologies that help the organization. Furthermore, managers and practitioners help the organization in deciding which technology adoption factors are more critical to the betterment of the organization. Originality/value: The study found certain ICT adoption factors that have a significant role in organizational performance in Indian MSMEs. Moreover, during COVID-19, investigate ICTs' role as a business strategy. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The present study empirically investigates the motives behind users’ attitude formation, behavioural intention, and word of mouth towards electric vehicles. An online survey was conducted among Indian youths who are currently using or potential users of electric vehicles. Data were collected by applying a multi-stage stratified sampling method. The structural equation modelling technique was applied to examine the hypothesized model and tested the proposed hypotheses. This study results show that while positive and social motives influence positive attitudes, the negative motives discourage and negatively affect electric vehicle adoption. The moderating impact of buyer involvement (high vs low) between motives and attitude was also tested. The study findings suggest that stakeholders can shape the motives through government policy and strategic action. Thus, this study provides directions that there is a need for subsidies and incentives, such as hassle-free registration at less cost, tax waive offs from central, state and local government, and also a strategic private-public partnership for infrastructure development to reduce negative motives and boost electric vehicles penetration. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

This paper explores the extent to which SMEs can adapt and develop circular economy practices in an emerging market context. Since the evidence provided by the literature is mostly based on large firms operating in developed countries, our focus on India's indigenous Ayurveda industry allows a much-needed and nuanced lens through which to view circular economy activities. We use a two-step research design involving a systematic bibliometric analysis as a first step in the highlighting of numerous themes emanating from the circular economy literature. Second, we complement these insights with two case studies based on SMEs in the Indian Ayurveda industry. Our findings reveal that SMEs engage and contribute to the circular economy. More specifically, we present unique insights into the reasons, drivers, and motivations for SME involvement in the circular economy, wherein we observe a blending of indigenous practices and modern technology. Our findings allow us to propose several important implications for theory and practice. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Purpose: The study attempts to understand the relationship between behavioural conflict and employee well-being and examines the intervening role of the negative affect state. Besides this, the study also analyses the moderating role of workplace fun. Design/methodology/approach: Following affective events theory, the authors developed the conceptual model and postulated the study hypotheses. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from frontline employees of selected hotels in India. Further, the authors tested the hypotheses following the process approach (Hayes, 2013, 2018). Findings: The study findings reported that behavioural conflict has a negative relationship with employee well-being, and the negative affect state mediates the relationship between behavioural conflict and employee well-being. The results also established the moderating role of workplace fun in this relationship. Research limitations/implications: The study's findings extend the current understanding of the effect of behavioural conflict on employee well-being and explain how it influences employee well-being. The study also provides guidelines to manage the detrimental effect of behavioural conflict. Originality/value: The study established the association between behavioural conflict and employee well-being and highlighted the process through and condition under which behavioural conflict influences employee well-being. This could be the first study examining the relationship between behavioural conflict and employee well-being. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

This study examines whether board attributes determine firms' exchange rate risk by influencing their hedging activities. Prior literature demonstrates that strong corporate governance encourages value-enhancing hedging, but the effects of firm-level governance such as board structure on the level of firms' risk exposure have rarely been investigated. By analyzing a sample of firms in 10 emerging markets during 2011–2019, I investigate the effects of board attributes—such as size, leadership, independence, and gender diversity—on firms’ exchange rate risk. This study provides the first evidence that firms with larger boards and higher board independence face lower exchange rate risk due to more efficient hedging. Moreover, firms with gender-diverse boards become more effective in hedging and face lower exposure when board independence is higher. The findings signify that better monitoring by the board of directors over managers makes hedging more effective, resulting in lower exchange rate risk. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

While a plethora of studies on gamification of advertising exists, little is known about how consumers process different types of brand elements (logos and names) placed in computer games, and whether differences in information processing lead to variations in brand memory. This gap is addressed by conducting three rigorous experiments. In Study 2 we find that, in general, brand logos lead to stronger memory than brand names – something known as the picture superiority effect. Study 3 examines the condition where the picture superiority effect is neutralized. We find that when the speed of a computer game is reduced, names and logos develop similar memory. Finally, in Study 4, we examine whether the picture superiority effect can be neutralized also in the context of high-speed games. We find that in fast games if the physical distinctiveness of the brand elements is increased, both logos and names yield in similar memory. © 2022 The Author(s)

Recent studies suggest that brand awareness and brand image do not directly influence future purchases and brand knowledge alone is not sufficient for building strong brands. Keller’s reflections, particularly pointing to a small group of highly engaged customers, call for a rethink on brand equity in the light of a fast-developing digital world. Research also indicate that in a sharing economy, there is a transformation of customer identity and identification with brand communities leads to positive outcomes. While the idea of brand community has existed for almost two decades, its role in strategic brand management is not explored. With the ideas rooted in a cognitive culture and social identity, the differential effect of brand culture—the collective memory of a brand community—can be conceptualized as community-based brand equity (CommBBE). By advancing Keller’s customer-based brand equity (CBBE) model, this paper rejuvenates the idea of the memory-based differential effect of a brand. Conceptualizing CommBBE may guide practitioners in managing brand equity in a digitally connected world. It may trigger a series of studies to provide more refined measures and directions for brand building. © 2021, Academy of Marketing Science.

The authors regret that a portion of the value requirement (ISS43) is hidden due to a decreased size of boxes in Fig-4 and Table-17. The value requirement (ISS43) will be correctly read as “Customized product and service offering to wind farms on-site services by house owners or small entrepreneurs repowering”. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

In recent years, with the popularization of the Internet and the development of technologies such as big data analysis, people's demand for mobile medical services has become more and more urgent, which is manifested in determining their diseases based on symptoms and selecting hospitals with better service quality according to the illnesses and doctors. An inquiry recommendation system is designed and implemented based on knowledge graphs and deep learning technology to solve the above problems. Based on the open medical data on the Internet, a 'disease-symptom' knowledge map is constructed to help users self-examine according to symptoms. The knowledge map embedding model trains the embedded vector representation of entities in the knowledge map. The most similar is selected according to the Euclidean distance similarity of the vector. The disease entity enriches recommendation options, and the two are combined to achieve disease diagnosis services. At the same time, based on social media comment data, combined with the existing medical service quality evaluation indicators, the deep learning analysis method is used to automatically give a multi-dimensional score of the doctor's service quality and provide users with the doctor and hospital recommendation services. Finally, by constructing test sets and designing questionnaires, it is verified that the accuracy rates of disease diagnosis service and doctor-hospital recommendation service are 74.00% and 90.91 %, respectively. © 2022 IEEE.

Regardless of increased attention in electric vehicles (EV) market expansion, the actual penetration of EVs remains low globally. Almost all major OEMs have announced investment plans to ensure that EVs constitute a major, if not complete, chunk of their product portfolios. On their part, governments worldwide (e.g., China, Poland, India, USA, etc.) have used various policy measures to facilitate EV adoption. In this paper, we study how incentives offered in terms of subsidy and differential taxation schemes could increase the market penetration of EVs. We analyze different models under uniform and differential taxation policies with and without subsidy, using a non-cooperative game-theoretic approach. Our analysis reveals that the government can follow any of the three tax-subsidy mixes that could maximize social welfare, i.e., differential taxation with and without subsidy, and identical tax with a subsidy. Surprisingly, the manufacturer's profit, the government's income, and consumer surplus for these three models are also the same and are better than the other two models depending on the consumer's green sensitivity, i.e., for higher green sensitivity, these three models can provide a win–win outcome. From an environmental perspective, levying tax on gasoline vehicles (GV) without subsidy to the manufacturer minimizes the overall environmental impact. In contrast, levying the same tax for both types of vehicles without subsidy to the manufacturer generates the maximum overall environmental impact. Furthermore, an increase in the unit environmental impact of vehicles attracts higher taxes. We portray that the increase in the cost-difference between EV and GV increases GV demand and is detrimental for EV acceptance. In addition, multifaceted insights are drawn for manufacturers and policymakers to envisage electric mobility. We extend our models and show that our main results hold under the implementation of mandate on EV manufacturers under subsidy and non-subsidy model, and inclusion of hassle cost for consumers due to lack of infrastructure in terms of charging facilities and maintenance. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Purpose: This study aims to examine the underlying antecedents and psychological mechanisms through which brand's communication of sustainable business practices in social media influences consumers' responsible consumption behaviour and brand relationship outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected using two surveys, from a sample of WhatsApp users (N = 632), and a sample of Facebook users (N = 471), and were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. Findings: The results suggest that systematic and heuristic processing of message cues about sustainable business practices communicated by the brand through online social networks influence consumers' perceptions of brand warmth and competence. These perceptions, in turn, direct consumers' responsible consumption behaviours and strengthen brand relationships. The impact of these cues is moderated by consumers' perception of the brand's motives for engaging in sustainable business practices. Originality/value: The study insights can help brand managers to enhance consumers' brand-related perceptions, responsible consumption and consumer-brand relationships. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of technology-enabled service co-creation on patients' service patronage behaviour in healthcare retailing. The first objective is to examine the mediating roles of spatial presence and co-presence in the relationship between technology enabled co-creation and service experience. The second objective is to investigate if healthcare service experience impacts patients' relationship value with hospitals and subsequent patronage intention. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from a sample of 516 customers of three leading hospitals in India during the social isolation period of COVID-19. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings: The study results demonstrate that customers' favourably perceived technology-enabled co-creation generates feelings of spatial presence and co-presence in the technology-enabled platform. The feeling of presence enhances patients' health care service experiences which in turn predict their relationship value perceptions towards the healthcare service provider. Co-presence dominates as a mediator in terms of magnitude over spatial presence. The favourable value perception positively impacts patients' intention to come back to the same hospital. Research limitations/implications: The study uses cross-sectional data, which does not incorporate any temporal variations in the investigated relationships. The study does not account for differences in government vs. private undertakings of healthcare system. Practical implications: The findings envisage a digital healthcare retail system, where hospitals can enhance patients' perceptions of healthcare service experience, relational value and re-patronage intention, based on the digital mediated environment design elements, i.e. spatial presence and co-presence. As co-presence is a dominant factor, ensuring that human healthcare experts (rather than technology based e-service elements like chatbots) participate in healthcare service co-creation is of prime importance to provide enriching service experience to the patients. Originality/value: The value of the research lies in extending the theories of presence, UTAUT and S-O-R to understand digital healthcare retailing, in order to identify the mechanism of how online co-creative platform can generate hospital patronage behaviour among patients through the serial mediation of presence, augmented service experience and relationship value. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the development of digital platforms in agtech space as a mechanism to mitigate the disconnects among the various actors in the innovation, business and entrepreneurship and extension ecosystems that impede the journey of technology from labs to farms. It does so by tracing the birth and evolution of KisanMitr, an agriculture digital platform created in India. Design/methodology/approach: The research follows a participatory action research approach. Findings: Digital platforms can be useful for integrating varied actor groups, in particular by facilitating the open flow of information among actors, and thus bringing to light the ways in which they can collaborate. Practical implications: The paper demonstrates that digital platforms can become the backbone of integrated agricultural innovation systems, just as in the high-tech industries. Greater information flow enabled by such platforms allows the actors to collaborate more effectively. However, it is necessary to maintain farmer-focus, undertake off-platform activities to facilitate mutual engagement among actors and watch for potential governance issues if these platforms were to make a true impact for farmers. Social implications: KisanMitr was initiated with the motive of helping the Indian farmers, especially the reverse migrants during the COViD-19 pandemic, specifically for increasing the range of technology options available to them to make agriculture a viable livelihood option. Originality/value: KisanMitr platform is one the first of its kind in India and in the agricultural sector. Unlike the digital platforms developed by private corporations, it was created by a government agency. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

This study examines how restaurants’ concern shifted towards visitors’ motivating factors and their impact on visitors’ attachment with the restaurants which leads restaurants to have loyalty from visitors. Authors investigate whether attitude towards restaurants and digital relationship experience is mediating the established relationship or not. We also explored the role of open kitchen service in a restaurant as a moderator. An empirical investigation was carried out on a total of 745 respondents from India, where primary data was collected through an online survey method. Items drawn for the current study are based on an exhaustive literature review. This study has utilised symmetric as well as asymmetric methods to test and validate the data analysis results. For symmetric model assessment, this study has used SmartPLS, Process Micro, and Artificial Neural Network and for asymmetric modelling, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) has been applied. The empirical study outcomes confirm that visitors’ attachment with restaurants is high when restaurants are taking care of motivating factors such as: engaging their visitors in online communities, aspire to inspire, customized billboards, VIP gestures, quality of hygienic food, user-generated content in the form of reviews. Also, building a relationship with visitors helps to build their experience in favour of restaurants which turns them into loyal visitors. And, most important, the concept called the open kitchen is quite appreciated by the young generation. The concept explored in the current study is innovative since it gives the new direction to the restaurants to build their loyalty and get connected with the visitors with more advanced motivating factors that help them to build visitors’ attachment towards the restaurants. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Cross-border acquisitions by emerging market firms have been increasing at an accelerated pace. The present study examines the impact of cross-border acquisition on the earnings manipulation of emerging market firms by analyzing the cross-border deals from India during the period 2000–2015. Using two proxies for earnings management, we find that cross-border acquisition reduces the incentive to manipulate earnings by way of accruals, but not via real economic transactions. Further, cross-sectional tests reveal that the incentive to reduce accrual earnings manipulation is more pronounced when the acquisition is made in countries with a strong corporate governance structure. Additional analysis indicates that acquisition results in increased earnings response coefficient for the acquirer firms relative to the control firms. Our finding is robust even after controlling for cross-listing and endogeneity associated with cross-border acquisition decision. The results have implications for the literature on the spillover of financial reporting practices across countries due to cross-border business activities, especially in the context of emerging markets, which are known for their weak investor protection and underdeveloped institutional environment. © 2021 International Review of Finance Ltd. 2021

This study explores the effects of relational benefits on consumers' extra-role (civic virtue) and in-role (consumer loyalty) behaviors from social identity and social exchange perspectives, in addition to the mediating role of consumer–company identification (CCI) and perceived value. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 254 consumers. The findings reveal that relational benefits promote consumers’ extra-role and in-role behaviors. Specifically, confidence and social benefits, directly and indirectly, affect civic virtue and consumer loyalty. Supporting our integrative framework, the results demonstrate that CCI mediates the effect of confidence and social benefits on civic virtue and consumer loyalty, whereas perceived value only mediates the relationship between confidence and social benefits and consumer loyalty. This study presents important implications for academicians and practitioners. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

This book offers an overview of India's emerging digital economy and the resulting challenges and opportunities for urban workplaces. It examines contemporary economic and social transformations in India by focusing on how new technologies and policies are shaping urban work practices and patterns. The book emphasizes inclusive and equitable practices that consider the needs of the formal and informal sector workforce as essential to India's urban development. Drawing on cross-disciplinary frameworks, it examines key issues related to work trends in the Indian urban economy and its digital landscapes, including Industry 4.0 and technology-labour nexus, smart cities and innovation, urbanism and consumerism, workplace transitions such as service industry and remote work, digital divide, skill development initiatives, and the impact of socio-economic inequalities and disruptions. The authors provide perspectives on the digital future of urban work in India and other emerging economies in the post-COVID-19 phase, and underscore the importance of enacting balanced policies, remodelling institutions, and equipping the labour force for adapting to new demands related to future employability and investments. This book will interest students, teachers, and researchers of urban studies, urban sociology, sociology of work, labour studies, human and urban geography, economic geography, urban economics, development studies, urban development and planning, public policy, regional planning, politics of urban development, social and cultural change, urban sustainability, environmental studies, management studies, South Asian Studies, and Global South studies. It will also be useful to policymakers, non-governmental organizations, activists, and those interested in India and the future of the global economy. © 2022 Nidhi Tandon, Pratyusha Basu, Omkumar Krishnan and Bhavani R.V. All rights reserved.