The opening of public shelters to provide evacuees with access to safety and welfare is a typical response to large-scale emergencies. In some countries, officials allocate people at risk to shelters based on the location of their residence or workplace and this advice is communicated to them in advance of an evacuation so they get to shelters quickly whilst avoiding overcrowding and associated secondary risks in the shelter. When an evacuation is called, some evacuees follow this advice and attend their allocated public shelter but others disregard the advice and select an alternative public shelter (e.g. the most convenient or nearest one) or go to a private shelter (e.g. a hotel or house of friends or family). Using data from Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, USA), supplemented with data from interviews with 142 emergency officials from 10 countries, this paper explores how evacuee behaviour matters when planning public shelters. Our novel contribution is a model-based integer programming simulation analysis of public shelters from the combined effect of three evacuee behaviours: comply with official advice and attend their allocated public shelter; attend the nearest public shelter; attend a public shelter of personal preference. Sensitivity analyses identifies the importance of these behaviours on the time to evacuate the city, finding that if evacuees disregard the official allocation then widespread over-occupation of public shelters can result which significantly increases the time to evacuate. This paper discusses OR modelling issues and the implications of these results for disaster preparedness, evacuee behaviour and emergency response. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

We develop and test an overarching model of entrepreneurial intention that includes profit, social impact, and innovation as the three main drivers of entrepreneurial behavior. A holistic model is developed to identify separately the generic intention to be a self-employed entrepreneur from the associated intention to be a specific type of entrepreneur. The latter is revealed by using a conjoint experiment to reveal the individual's relative preferences for profit, social impact, and innovation outcomes. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis we provide insights into individuals' motivations for different types of entrepreneurial careers and for their multiple pathways to the same entrepreneurial type. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

This study examines how diversification in Indian business groups creates multiple forms of agency problems and has performance implications for group-affiliated firms. Departing from prior literature which emphasizes the principal–principal agency conflict in business groups, we argue that business group diversification leads to dual agency problems between controlling and minority shareholders (principal–principal) and shareholders and managers (principal–agent) in affiliated firms. Both these agency problems arise in diversified business groups through cross-subsidization of affiliated firms by inefficient capital investment, continuing presence of affiliated firms in declining industries, tunneling of resources from profitable affiliated firms, lack of attention by business group headquarters to affiliated firms, and affiliated firm managers' sense of perceived security, which negatively impacts affiliated firms’ performance. These agency issues are reduced with the increase in product market competition from exposure to international markets and through concentrated promoter ownership in the affiliated firms. Our hypothesized model finds empirical support in a sample of 828 business group–affiliated firms in India. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Asset pricing is a key area of literature in analysing and evaluating the stock market efficiency. Though various pricing models made efforts to explain the behaviour of the stocks, the existence of seasonal anomalies in the stock markets creates an opportunity for the investors to generate abnormal returns. The present article emphasizes one of such market anomalies namely, the holiday effect using indices belonging to Indian stock exchanges. Thorough research is performed by including all the prime market-capital and sectoral indices of the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange. The ARIMAX methodology is adopted to observe the anomaly by considering exogenous variables representing the trading days before the exchange-mandated holidays. Further, the strength of the anomaly is analysed with the incorporation of various stock market reforms and observed to be significantly persistent among most of the Indian market indices (including both the sectoral and the market-capital based indices). © 2021 Fortune Institute of International Business.

Asset pricing in capital markets is a strikingly vibrant area of academic research and is considered as an indicator to evaluate the efficiency of stock markets. Though the explanation for the seasonal behavior of capital markets was attempted by various market models, several anomalies were observed historically. Calendar anomalies that belong to the specific class of seasonal anomalies provided abnormal returns in the global stock markets at regular intervals within and across various calendar years. This article documents the study on one such anomaly—namely, the turn-of-the-month effect in the context of Indian stock indices. In this pursuit, exhaustive research has been carried out considering all the broad-market and sectoral indices of two major stock exchanges, namely, National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange. The study used the ARIMAX methodology with dummy exogenous variables (to represent the turn-of-the-month days) and presented comprehensive findings and learnings. Besides, this article attempts to analyze the changes in the strength and significance of the anomaly in progression with various stock market reforms in both the broad-market and sectoral indices to provide new insights into the efficiency of Indian stock market exchanges. © 2021 K. J. Somaiya Institute of Management.

Purpose: This study aims to explore how career self-efficacy shapes an individual’s career decisions and how learning and development interventions, including participation in education abroad, might play a role in career choice. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used the following databases to review the literature on career self-efficacy: Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center and ProQuest. The following key search terms were used in the search: career self-efficacy, career choice and education abroad. The titles of the identified articles were first reviewed for relevance, followed by the abstract, before further review for inclusion suitability. Findings: Findings suggest career self-efficacy plays a vital role in career decision-making, generating interests and deciding career goals. By improving career self-efficacy among college students, career interests can be reshaped. Findings evidence a relationship between education abroad and career competencies and career development. Research limitations/implications: The review offers an invaluable pathway to breed ideas and thoughts about research in the career self-efficacy domain. While education abroad itself may be a useful intervention in the development of a student’s career self-efficacy, among other characteristics and skills, a further empirical study is necessary to determine the extent to which this is true. Using or creating an accurate scale for the measurement of career self-efficacy among undergraduate students is critical to determine a reliable and valid measure, as is controlling for potential differences in self-efficacy between students who self-select for high impact endeavors such as education abroad and those who do not. Practical implications: Noting that practices in international education support collaboration between career services offices and study abroad offices, the authors point to the importance of interventions that intentionally and explicitly incorporate the career self-efficacy construct. Originality/value: Findings evidence a relationship between education abroad and career competencies and career development, through research examining connections to career self-efficacy and education abroad is noticeably scarce. The paper explores the above relationship. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Many developing countries across the world are allocating a significant share of their budgets for e-government initiatives. Common service centers (CSCs) are e-government initiatives that aim to increase access to public services and promote easy and direct interaction with the government. These e-government initiatives are largely underutilised, especially in rural areas in developing countries. This study attempts to identify the key challenges facing CSCs and determine their hierarchical relationships in the context of rural India. A set of 15 challenges was identified through a rigorous literature review and by surveying experts and CSC owners. Data were collected on the identified challenges and were analysed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM)-MICMAC-fuzzy MICMAC analysis. Subsequently, we developed a hierarchical model of challenges. The findings revealed that “longer travel time and transaction cost”, “low digital literacy”, and “low awareness” of e-government services are among the key challenges CSCs face in rural India. This study suggests several recommendations to all the stakeholders involved in the management of CSCs to improve the delivery of e-government services in rural India. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Purpose: Public service motivation (PSM) is a universal construct, but indigenous traditions and culture of a country are known to influence its measurement. Currently, no research on PSM in India is available. To facilitate PSM research in India, this article compares the two most used measures of PSM (PSM-14 and PSM-16) to identify the most suitable scale for further exploration. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a cross-sectional survey research design. Data were collected from 387 employees working in the public sector. ADANCO, a PLS-SEM package, was used to analyze the data. Findings: Contrary to expectations, it was found that the older PSM-14 exhibited better psychometric properties than the newer PSM-16. The PSM-14 also exhibited greater predictive validity than PSM-16. Practical implications: The study demonstrates that PSM is a valid construct in India and can be measured adequately by existing instruments. However, certain sub-dimensions of the scale (such as compassion) may be reworded/changed to reflect Indian cultural ethos better. Originality/value: The findings will be tremendously helpful to researchers interested in examining the correlates of PSM in the Indian context by making it easier to select the appropriate measurement instrument. The study also provides a careful examination of each of the sub-dimensions of the construct to enable the development of more robust PSM measures in the future. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

In original publication, the second affiliation of Prof. Neerpal Rathi was missed out. The correct affiliation is updated in this correction. © 2021, Springer Nature B.V.

In this paper, we call for a re-examination of the self-reliance ideology based on a neoliberal perspective to make policies for refugee women's (self-)employment and integration. We use a social constructionist perspective to conduct a narrative analysis of data from the lived experience of twelve women refugee entrepreneurs. Three prominent themes emerge from the women’s own narratives of their entrepreneurial journey – self-reconstruction, social capital, and resilience. Our findings reveal the complexities of self-reconstruction and socialization as experienced by refugee women entrepreneurs – for whom “push” factors take precedence over “pull” factors with the explicit understanding that the onus is on them to survive with their own resilience. We argue that offering people hope of a new life means offering them meaningful choices, built on forms of economic activity whose sustainability over the long term is evidenced by the positive supports available to make sure economic activity succeeds. © 2020 The Authors. International Migration © 2020 IOM

Extant literature has shown that authenticity is positively related with life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Nonetheless, most of the previous research has been conducted in Western and European individualistic countries. The association of authenticity with life satisfaction and psychological well-being in the Asian collectivist context remains unexplored. In addition, previous research has not investigated the psychological processes that link authenticity to life satisfaction and well-being. To void these gaps, the current research investigated the association of authenticity with life satisfaction and psychological well-being, while examining the mediating role of emotional expressiveness in these associations. For the present study, data were collected from 254 employees from India, a predominantly collectivist culture. Standardized measures were used to assess the research constructs. The results of the study show positive associations between authenticity, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Specifically, the results show that the greater the individuals’ authenticity, the higher their life satisfaction and psychological well-being. In addition, the research shows that individuals high on authenticity are more emotionally expressive than individuals who are low on authenticity. This research provides evidence regarding the implications of authenticity for individuals’ psychological health and well-being in Asian collectivist context. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.

We tested an emotional labor (EL) model, in the form of surface acting and deep acting, as a mediator in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and burnout as experienced by public school principals. A questionnaire survey of public-school principals in a Pennsylvania County was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Surface acting was determined to be a partial mediator between EI and burnout. Results indicate a significant negative relationship between EI and surface acting, a significant positive relationship between surface acting and burnout, and a significant negative relationship between EI and burnout. The positive association found between surface acting and burnout emphasizes the importance of consonance of values held by the individual and the organization. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Purpose of the study is to analyse the retrograde effect of mercury on Indian stock indices, i.e., Nifty50 and BSE Sensex. This paper presents and probes, whether the usually described phenomenon of the retrogratory effect of planets in Indian astrology persists in Indian stock indices. This research utilizes secondary data retrieved from Bloomberg from 1998 through 2018 of Nifty50 and BSE Sensex on a daily closing basis. Further, the study employs EGARCH (1,1) models to inspect the leverage effect in the market returns and the impact of the retrogratory movement of mercury on market returns. The interdisciplinary studies relating to Indian astrological concepts and financial trading strategy are very scant, wherefore, this study helps to unearth an anomaly-based trading strategy for the individual and institutional investors in the capital market. The study culminates that Indian stock indices observe the presence of asymmetry or the leverage effect during the retrogratory movement of Mercury, and a positive impact of Mercury retrograde movement on market returns. The scope of the study is limited to major stock indices of India and considers only the retrogratory movement of mercury to trace the evidence of behavioral bias in the financial market. This paper furnishes a unique empirical approach to investigate the influence of cultural variable on behavioral bias in Indian stock indices under the influence of the retrograde movement of mercury inciting asymmetric information and market anomaly. © 2020, Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature.

Purpose: Faced with dynamic and challenging environments, organizations today expect all their leaders, including their women leaders, to be highly intrapreneurial. However, intrapreneurship is traditionally perceived to be a masculine activity. In order to appear intrapreneurial, women leaders consciously behave like men and suppress their feminine characteristics. This results in “emotional labor” that causes undue stress, emotional exhaustion, and burnout. Organizations can help intrapreneurial women leaders succeed by a combination of gender-related sensitization, focused training, setting up sharing and communication platforms, encouraging self-support groups and providing formal and informal mentorship to their women employees. Design/methodology/approach: We carried out qualitative research which involved 31 in depth semi-structured in-person interviews (including 11 repeat interviews) with 20 women leaders from seven large organizations from the Indian IT industry. The interviewees had 15 years of average work experience, were in the 35-50 years age group, and held senior management functional or project management responsibilities. The interviews were typically 60 minutes each. The researcher took detailed notes, and subsequently, manually carried out multiple levels and multiple rounds of coding (initially open-coding followed by focused coding) to identify and abstract the themes and categories. Findings: Our study identified that women leaders who are expected to behave as intrapreneurs, face “emotional labor” which results in stress, emotional exhaustion and burnout. To help women leaders succeed, a well-defined set of organizational interventions including gender sensitization, training, sharing & communication platforms, self-support groups, and formal and informal mentoring are useful. Research limitations/implications: To increase the generalizability of our study beyond the Indian cultural context and beyond the IT industry, future researchers may carry out both qualitative and larger sample quantitative studies in other countries, and draw upon data from multiple industries. The issues arising out of emotional labor of women intrapreneurial leaders are likely to be present in a wide range of industries and cultural contexts. However, there may be nuanced contextual differences that need further exploration. Future research can build on our findings and explore moderators, contingencies, and boundary conditions that affect the suitability of organizational interventions that we have suggested. Practical implications: Emotional well-being of women intrapreneurial leaders would help them take innovative organizational initiatives, and make the organization strategically agile. To help women leaders be intrapreneurial, organizations need many interventions and need to provide the required supporting infrastructure. Social implications: Ways to resolve gender-related issues in workplaces are suggested. Originality/value: Our study is valuable as it simultaneously considers two strategic organizational objectives of intrapreneurship and gender diversity of leadership teams. The paper provides useful prescriptions for organizations to help women intrapreneurial leaders succeed. This will help organizations that are facing dynamic external environments become innovative and strategically agile. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

India’s participation in global value chains is investigated, focusing on its exports. Changes in stages of value chain participation for key export sectors are unravelled and its implications for India’s trade policy are commented on. © 2021 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved.

India's large population, rapidly growing economy, and the consequent rising plastic waste, has necessitated the need for an efficient and effective plastic waste management (PWM) system for ensuring an environmentally cleaner and sustainable future. Consequently, PWM policy in India has recently undergone a substantial shift from being an informally organized, largely uncoordinated set of programs towards becoming a formal and integrated system based on the extended producer responsibility (EPR) approach. This paper explicates the evolution, development, implementation, and implications of the Indian EPR framework for PWM by developing an integrative mixed-method case study. Using a theory-based stakeholder evaluation model, the study critically analyzes the drivers and constraining factors from a multi-stakeholder perspective and provides prescriptive suggestions on EPR policy formulation and implementation. It highlights three themes i.e., (a) robust regulatory architecture; (b) operational mechanism; and (c) ecosystem catalysts, whose nature, dynamics, and practicality shall determine the future of the Indian EPR framework and those of comparable emerging economies. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

This study examines career adaptability of trailing spouses whose comparative advantage most strikingly illustrates the erosion over time of career agency for migrant women, or what is known as “occupational downshifting.” Problematising occupational downshifting as a major obstacle to social integration of trailing spouses, we explore how cultural tensions play out vocationally, and the career choices available to trailing spouses become so diminished over time that their agency can be considered “bounded.” Using a life story approach, our study provides evidence of the lived experiences of constrained agency and paradox of 12 early childhood educators in Australia. Our evidence demonstrates that the choice of moving for the family not only creates occupational precarity, but a more grievous occupational downshifting. We consider strategies like vocational facilitation to address the needs of trailing spouses as individuals, and as such facilitate migrant integration and neutralise the forces leading to occupational downshifting. © 2021 The Authors. International Migration © 2021 IOM

This study estimates that stock market entry costs of around 31–35% of income can explain the observed level of non-participation in developing countries. Employing a two-generation, multi-period model with income risk, borrowing constraints and flexible human capital investment options in the offspring, the study numerically computes the possible improvements in consumption and human capital if households participate in the financial markets. The study extends the portfolio choice literature by endogenizing human capital investments and compares the optimal portfolio choice graph of a parent with that of a single worker. Results show that a parent's portfolio should contain more bonds when educational investments are inflexible and more stocks when they are flexible. Lower asset levels of a parent also tend to increase stock holding percentage. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.

The odd-even restrictive driving policy to reduce smog pollution in Delhi, India was implemented for the third time from November 4–15, 2019. This policy aimed to not only reduce personal vehicles on the road, but also motivate commuters toward sustainable transportation. In this paper, we examine public perception toward odd-even restrictive driving and its acceptance based on value-belief-norm (VBN) theory. Further, this study investigates the role of trust in local government in relation to the acceptance of the restrictive driving transport policy. Survey data from 317 responses from the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) was analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling, and results indicate that personal norms, policy effectiveness, and policy complexity significantly influence policy acceptance. The findings suggest that trust in local government reduces the inverse relationship between policy complexity and acceptance. The results emerged as possible insights for policymakers in the effective design of restrictive driving policies and sustainable transportation. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

The study explores and understands the antecedents that motivate the consumers to write online reviews on online consumer-opinion platforms in the Indian cultural context. This research employed the qualitative research approach using the in-depth interview method to understand the consumers’ motivation to write online reviews. The data collected in the form of interview narratives were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 8, a qualitative data analysis software. The study identified seven antecedents of writing online reviews based on the data analysis carried out in three phases. Further, based on the underlying meaning of these antecedents, a conceptual framework was proposed. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.